The Hollywood Horse

Sometimes, you know right away when someone buys the wrong horse.

Recently, a longtime friend of the Barnlord bought a horse for her 10 year old daughter.

The friend, Tessa, had ridden Western equitation and drill team for years, so she was an experienced rider (in an arena). Her daughter, Emily, though, was just starting out. She'd taken a few lessons from the Barnlord (who, in my opinion, is hidebound. You ride according to HER ways. She knows only one way to teach and is completely unwilling to adapt her training to each individual's ability.).

 I got the distinct feeling from Emily that she liked horses, but wasn't really 'into' them, like you and I. (yes, if you're reading this, it's because you're horse crazy, just like me.)

I witnessed the ''pre-sale' ride. Two women, one, the owner of Recks, had trailered the bay, 15 year old  QH gelding to the barn. Several of the barnizens were there. I got there half way through the 'try out' of the gelding. Barnlord was NOT there. The story from the sellers was that Recks had done drill team for several years, but had been stuck in a pasture for 'a while'.

What I saw scared me.

Tessa was at the gate end of the arena, shouting instruction to Emily, who was perched atop a sullen and resentful Recks. His ears were pinned, his tail swished. He was pissed.

She tried to get him to trot to the left. He backed up, tossed his head, and refused. "Turn him to the right," Tessa yelled and Emily obeyed.  Recks willingly went to the right but his trot got faster and faster.  He kept tossing his head and veering into the center of the arena rather than staying on the wall. He had his chin against his chest. This was NOT due to Emily's reining.  As this horse had been trained "Western Equitation", the girl had NO contact with the snaffle bit. The reins flopped against the bay's neck. You couldn't blame the girl for hard hands. No, Recks had learned a long time ago that his neck was far stronger than a human's arms. And his will was his own, too. No one was going to tell him what to do.

He began to run. Another person was riding her Arabian gelding on the wall and he barged in on them, almost hitting them. The person stopped her horse. Recks stopped too, wanting to chat with the other horse. "Kick him!" Tessa yelled and Emily, much against her will, kicked Recks. He spun around in a circle then took off again.

I couldn't believe my eyes. I was standing next to another of the barn's boarders and she was just as scared for Emily as I was. Emily wasn't riding. She was a passenger atop an out of control horse. I fully expected her to come off. But somehow she stayed aboard. 

Recks was galloping full speed along the arena wall.

Finally, Tessa and another person ran into the gelding's path, waving their arms and yelling "whoooooooooooa" to get him to stop. (another thing I'd NEVER do.). I believe he stopped only because he was tired. He was fat and out of shape. He stopped because he'd accomplished his goal. The girl on his back was now visibly terrified.She was pale and shaking. Tessa ran up to her and congratulated her for "GOOD job!" and…believe it or not, "You stayed on him!"

So she had expected her daughter to fall off TOO!! What kind of mother is that? What sort of woman allows her daughter to be put at risk of possibly death because the horse is a real deal? I'll tell you why, in a minute.

The two sellers didn't find Recks's performance (in my opinion, misbehavior) to be 'odd'.

"Well, he's been stuck out in a pasture for four years," was their excuse.

You know, I've met plenty of horses that were pasture jewelry for years. Most of them needed some of the rough spots smoothed out, a bit of retraining, but they weren't like Recks. This horse wasn't pasture jewelry. He had an attitude. A bad one. 

I said to the barnizen standing next to me, "If anyone can take the knots out of his head, it's Barnlord". One of the sellers glared at me. I had figured it out, and she was pissed because I might just get through to Tessa and convince her that the horse was NOT a horse for Emily. He wasn't in pain. He wasn't green. He was a horse with a truckload of vices, a horse who knew exactly how to get rid of the person on his back.  

THEY knew he was crazy and wanted nothing more than to get rid of him. They didn't give a shit that this was not just a horse who's been loafing for four years. No, this horse had been stuck out in a pasture for that long because he was dangerous. And they KNEW it.  They had no morals. They were willing to sell him to a child. I wouldn't have taken him had he been free.

Even if they'd thrown in the trailer AND the truck to go with him. 

There are too many good horses out there, even ones who've been in a pasture for years, to waste time, money and health on a bad one. 

WHY was Tessa so willing to overlook the obvious problems with Recks?

Recks was a Hollywood horse. He was drop dead gorgeous and a beautiful mover.  That's what sold him. Despite the ashen look on Emily's face, Tessa was smitten. The horse was ostensibly for Emily, but it was really because Tessa wanted him.She wanted him badly.

She bought Recks.

In the days after the sale, Recks settled in. He cribbed and wind sucked. He pawed holes in the stall mats. He proved to be a problem right from the start. Even giving him the benefit of a doubt, being in a new barn full of new people and horses, he created problems immediately.

Barnlord, being who she is, refused to admit the horse was problematic, because she and Tessa had been friends since childhood.  Nor did she pay attention to the things he did to her, her help and to Tessa. He would pull when tied. He did not want to stand to be groomed. He didn't want his feet picked out. When asked to do something, he would strike or cow kick.

Barnlord was accustomed to handling rank horses, but Tessa, and especially Emily, were not.

On the one occasion I saw Tessa riding him. He refused to stand to be mounted.  Instead of standing quietly, he cowkicked at her. She put down a crossrail to force him to stand next to the mounting block and when he sidestepped, she cracked him with a crop. He bucked, but finally stood still to allow her to get aboard. Tessa could ride but he was completely uncooperative. He tried to run away with her, as he had done with Emily, but Tessa could handle him. It took her fifteen minutes to get him to take his left lead, proving that he DID know his leads. He just didn't WANT to.  He wasn't in pain. The saddle fitted him. He never had problems moving to the left when he was not under saddle. No, it was just Recks being ornery.

Barnlord tried to work with him. He reared when she asked him to go forward on the lunge line. When she put him in the round pen, he immediately began to run and refused to trot or even slow down.

So I was not surprised in the slightest to learn that Recks was up for sale. Again.  "Emily is afraid of him," Barnlord explained. No doubt about THAT.

Matt, my farrier, showed up to trim Raven. Barnlord barged in on us and wanted Matt to take a look at Recks. "He's a great trail horse," she said. I said, "But he's not a horse for beginners." (which Matt is NOT). Barnlord shrieked at me, "shut up, you don't know what you're talking about, you're stupid," and walked off to get Recks.

Matt looked shocked. I said, "That's what I get from her all the time."

She wanted him gone just as much as everyone else. But screaming at me wasn't going to accomplish it. All it did was show Matt what kind of person she is.

But he'd already figured that out about her years ago. He trusts my judgement more than hers.

 

Last week, I was at the barn when Barnlord took Recks out of his outdoor pen and tried to get him to go through the gate into the round pen. He reared and backed up on his hind legs, pawing, but finally calmed down enough to enter the round pen. Once he was there, he began racing around at top speed. To the left.

I knew what she was doing. She was wearing him out so he'd behave for a 'buyer' who was coming to look at him later in the day.

She succeeded. He was wet with sweat when she finally took him out of the pen.

I left. I didn't need Barnlord's wasping me.

The buyer showed up later that day. He took one look at this gorgeous bay QH gelding, the one with the Hollywood looks-and bought him.

I hope the man knows how to handle a rank horse. Who knows, perhaps he might be the kind of horse that can be dominated by a man.

All I know is that I am very glad he's gone. 

The Hollywood Horse 

Where would you live in Fiction?

     I read a LOT of books. Being that I am a scientist, the vast majority of what I read is termed ‘non-fiction’ and is almost always hard science, natural history, or, lately, history. For instance, the last non-fiction books I read are “The Third Horseman” (about the Spanish flu epidemic), “Spooky Action at a Distance” (regarding quantum physics and entanglement) and “A Genetic Switch” (precisely what it says: the mechanics of a genetic switch. The last two being so thick and chewy that I had to read the first several chapters of both of them three times before I ‘got it’. )

     My husband reads, too. His specialties are anything natural history and photography. Consequently, most of our furniture consists of good reading lamps, some comfortable and well worn easy chairs under them, and 14 or 15 bookshelves stuffed with (at last count) over 3000 books. Any burglar breaking into my house is going to be sorely disappointed as there is nothing to steal.

     After the New Year, tired of having to swallow a diet of shock, disgust and dismay at the destruction wrought by President Moron and his Republican suckups, I needed a break. As a kid and young adult, I read a lot of fiction, most of it devoted to animals in general, horses in specificity, some historical fiction, and science fiction. “Shogun” was my favorite, but Kipling’s “Kim” and “The Jungle Books” will probably be three of the five I intend to have cremated with me. Got to have something to read in the Great Beyond, right?

     Thinking that I’d enjoy retreating from this insanity of real life, I picked up a trilogy I’d not read in years…Anne McCaffrey’s “Dragonriders of Pern”. Then I found that she’d written a finale volumn titled “All the Weyrs of Pern.” A Trilogy Plus One.

     I immersed myself in the four books. Oh, my, what a wonderful vacation!

    You know that the book was a good one when you miss the characters (and their world) when you finish the book(s).

    I miss the dragons. I miss the agrarian world that is Pern. I miss a world that has plenty of technology but no guns.

    My stars, if I could, I’d live on Pern. I don’t care if girls aren’t supposed to ride anything but goldens or green dragons, I’d want a brown. Big enough..like my horse..to be effective but not so silly or hormonally addled as a green, and not a breeding female like a gold. I’m picky as to who I sleep with and I’m not interested in being Weyrleader.

That, and I’d want a fire-lizard, too.

This is Ruth, a mutation of the regular dragon. The others are much larger.

These are the relative sizes of dragons. A horse is just about the same size as the white.

     Can't you just imagine what it must be like to be telepathically bonded to an intelligent creature like a dragon? Honestly, McCaffrey took a lot of what horses are now and added wings and telepathy to create her dragons.

Ultimately, were I able to live in a fictional land, it would be Pern.

    So here is my question to you:

Considering the fiction you’ve read, if it were possible to dive into the pages and into that world, where would YOU want to live?

And why?

The Warmblood Mammoth

It’s late January. The days are lengthening, although it’s still cold, and rainy.

You don’t think of late January as the beginning of spring. We still have three months of possible snow, ice, and always, more rain.

But, in these days of climate warming, the birds are responding by starting to sing earlier. A house wren has been singing all week, and yesterday I heard robins beginning to practice. A pair of Anna’s hummingbirds coming to the feeder we put under a heat lamp on the back porch.

Hooray, spring!

But then, a single swipe of Raven’s hide makes me say, 'Damn it. Spring already.'

Hair.

Raven is a registered Hanoverian Mammoth, if his coat is any judge. The clip I gave him in October has fuzzed back in. The rest of him is deep and woolly. If he had horns, he could be mistaken for a yak.

The scattered hairs that came off him today are only a foretaste of what will soon become an ebony blizzard. Soon any grooming will be not so much grooming as it is whacking through the undergrowth with a woefully dull machete.

I foolishly will attempt to remove it with a shedding blade (surely the most valuable tool in my grooming kit) by dragging it over my beast.  The hair comes off in swathes-but not neatly. No, most of it goes onto my lips, or in my mouth, or my eyes. I’ve learned to not wear anything that might bear a static charge (like nylon, or wool, or polyester, or fleece) as then the hair clings to me. What hair can’t find a spot on me begins to fall, scattering in the lightest current of air. Huge clumps of it hit the floor, only to immediately skitter like dust bunnies to every crack and crevice in the barn. Sweep? Pfft, sweeping merely breaks clumps into a gazillion individual hairs and it artfully dodges any attempt to corner it into a dustpan.

Add to that the fact that it’s not clean. It’s grungy with a winter’s accumulation of dander, lanolin, dried sweat, dried manure that won’t groom out, and plain ol’ dirt. Even when he’s been groomed daily and blanketed all winter, somehow, the hair has accumulated schmutz. Don’t attempt to wash the hairy horse. Oh, my, no, you will end up with a hairy horse that will NOT dry and be up to your knees in wet, smelly hair. It will clog up the wash stall drain and no matter how you try, you will not be able to get it all picked up.

For the next several months, wherever he goes, Raven will have a light aura of airborne hairs surrounding him. 

Blading him will remove an entire horse worth of hair only to reveal: more hair. Why can’t it all come off at once, like when you shear a sheep? Why can’t it come off a horse in one neat blanket?

Sometimes I’m tempted to clip it. I’d need a weed whacker. My clippers would take one look at the job and quit.  Clipping him would leave him cold, even under a blanket, and would bugger up the new summer coat he’s growing underneath the old one.  

I often hear people wonder why their horse is shedding when there is still snow on the ground.

It’s not the temperature that starts him shedding. It’s the lengthening of daylight. We turned the solar corner in December.

I welcome the return of the sun.

I just wish it didn’t come with a hair coat.

The Warmblood Mammoth 

Colonizing Mars is doomed to failure

    I understand the passion.

    There is a lot of talk and fanciful artwork of a future colony on Mars. I'm not certain who is doing it, but there's even recruitment going on. A venture group (no kidding) is semi-seriously saying that an expedition to Mars will be leaving around 2030. I think. They've already told the people signing up that it's a way one ticket, folks. No returning to the Earth.

    I understand the passion. Having read tons of science fiction as a kid, having grown up with Star Trek, Star Wars,  moon shots and the Space Shuttles and the so called "International Space Station" (an orbital platform built and paid for by the taxpayers of the United States, and now given over almost wholly to Russian squatters.), I do understand the desire. Steven Hawkings is correct, we must head into space. We are destroying our home planet so quickly that I wonder if in one hundred years, there will be any civilization left. 

  But hard nosed reality intervenes.

    The only space travel that we know is the stuff invented in our minds, i.e. "Star Trek", "Star Wars", thousands of science fiction stories/books/movies. As with anything that comes out of Hollywood, much is left to the imagination.

    What none of these forms of entertainment cover is the nuts and bolts of survival. Such items (not inclusive) being oxygen, protection from temperature extremes, food, water,  and the capacity for and management of biological processes such as eating, excretion, drinking, reproduction, etc. None cover such things as logistics, meaning: building materials, fuel, machinery, tools, power generation, transportation, communication. None of them address the idea that a colonist needs to take a hell of a lot of stuff with him.

    It's already been proven that humans do not tolerate zero gravity very well. Our bones dissolve. Exposure to cosmic radiation (inevitable once you've left the atmosphere) is a dandy  way to develop cancers.  Even our eyeballs change shape in space, and STAY changed, even upon return to Earth.

    Mars is a long way away. Let's say we figure out a way to really put some speed on the trip, and plan for arrival at the Red Planet when it's at it's closest to the Earth.

   So let's say that takes, oh, eight months. That's still a long time to be cooped up in a space ship.

   The space ship itself is going to have to be huge. It takes a lot of gear to make a colony.
Right off the bat, the ship is going to have to make a successful landing. Only 40% of the Mars missions have had successful landings. It's just asking a lot of a ship to go from over 10K mph to zero without braking and a lot of luck. 

   They're going to have to be able to grow food in space. They're going to have to be able to grow food on Mars.  Right now, the only way they can figure out how to grow food in space is hydroponics. This is a system whereby a plant is kept under artificial light and all its nutrients are provided via nutrient saturated water bathing the roots. 

    How in the hell are they going to carry that much water? There is no water on Mars that isn't frozen or buried. 

  Let's not forget that the average daily temperature on Mars is probably -50 F. Mars year is far longer than Earth's. The sun is much farther away, and doesn't provide the same amount of sunlight needed for photosynthesis. 

  Plants-the types we eat, not stuff like seaweed-don't like being grown in water.. Plants like dirty toes. They can't grow in pure sand. They need organic chemicals/substances such as calcium, phosphorus, potassium. These chemicals don't recycle. We have no way of separating chemicals into their individual states from recycled (reverse osmosis) water. 
They need microrhyzzae, they need humus, they need the stability that soil gives them. They also need gravity.
 Mars is smaller than Earth and has a lower gravity.  Plants don't like low gravity. They like to know which way is up.

    By the way, you'd better understand that you are going to be vegan by necessity. Beef cattle and chickens don't do space travel. They need an entirely different sort of food. Cattle and chickens cannot survive on the space food we can. Cattle need hay. Chickens need insects (yes, chickens need protein to gain weight and lay eggs. The 'vegetarian diets' the industrialized chickens are fed are NOT normal.)
  Both need room to move around. They don't do -50 degrees F at all well. Chickens (Iike the vast majority of birds) aren't grain eaters.  And let's say you do carry grain for chickens. What happens when you run out? You can't grow grain crops in hydroponics. 

   I forgot fish. Fish live in water, true, but it needs to be good quality water. If you've ever kept an aquarium, you know how quickly a small, enclosed environment like an aquarium can turn into a cesspool. There aren't many fish that can tolerate farming. Farming fish, by the way, takes huge tanks, absolutely needing oxygenating, water circulation and clean water. 

    Problems arise for vegans. I don't care what they say, humans are omnivores. They need to eat some form of meat. Meat provides certain nutrients that plants just don't. Protein is only one of them. Yes, I hear you, 'beans' provide protein. But plant based protein doesn't build muscle. It doesn't provide phosphorus or calcium.

   Water will need to be recycled. All of it, to include the stuff that you excrete. While you can run it past the plant's roots, still, you are going to have to purify it by running it through a reverse osmosis process. Ideally, it means you recover all the water you put in. 

  But not really. You lose water in more ways than just excretion. You respire it. You sweat. Your cells incorporate it and don't let it go. Slowly but surely, the amount of water available for recycling and reuse will drop. With every reverse osmosis cycle, you lose something-and gain something.
     For instance, let us say you have 10 grams of potassium in the downstream water cycle from the plants. You run the water through the RO, and end up with pure water. The potassium can't be replaced, not when you're millions of miles from Earth. It can't be reconstituted into its pure form. It is intermingled with the waste water from the RO process. It accumulates. You get more and more waste and less and less pure water. 

   Can you farm on Mars? I doubt it. I don't think there is soil on Mars.What you see in the pictures is not "soil'. It's sand. Sand is decomposed rock, mostly quartz. There might be basalt, sandstone, in it, but it's still ROCK, and rock isn't soil. Soil is that rich, humusy stuff you grow plants in. It's mostly organic chemicals such as the aforementioned stuff like calcium and phosphorus. Soil is mostly stuff, minerals, material such as bits of rotted leaves, decomposed cellulose, mushroom spores, bits of bark, needles, animal crap, frass, and critters-worms, pillbugs, sowbugs, symphlans, all sorts of bacteria, viruses, and higher creatures that create an ecosystem.

   That's not Mars. Mars may have had life, but it was a billion years ago, and there is nothing there to make the substrate suitable for growing anything. 

    There's very little oxygen on Mars. The atmosphere is mostly carbon dioxide, which plants use to photosynthesize.  However, when it's -50 below and the sun is much further away than we're used to, not much photosynthesis is going to take place. Those photos we see of Mar's surface has been enhanced for our vision. It's not really that bright.

   So let's say you still manage to make it to Mars. One thing the story and history books never mention is that, in every colonization effort on Earth, there were things immediately available (and the colonizers knew how to utilize them) in order to make a go of it. One could find trees, to cut down and build a shelter with, to provide light, to provide a fire to cook food over. There was soil in which to grow things in. There was water in some form, be it rainfall, or pools, or even ice, to provide drinking and washing water. One didn't have to worry about gravity. One didn't have to worry about sunlight and air to breathe. It was and is just THERE. 

  Not on Mars. There is NOTHING but sand and rock. Perhaps we can mine ores with which to create metal. But that needs a logistical base. That means needing machines to do the digging, machines to do the crushing and separation, machines to do the smelting and forming. What are you going to use for power? Oh, you need fuel for all that. Machines usually use gasoline, diesel, or electricity to work. Oh, and oxygen, for the first two. Solar power is going to be fairly weak on Mars, due to the year long winters.

   The only way you're going to provide that much power is nuclear. Nuclear power plants, even small ones, take a hell of a lot of shielding and they need water to cool the fuel rods. It becomes highly radioactive and the rods are eventually consumed. How are you going to transport a nuclear power plant? How are you going to set it up and running when you need power to get it set up and running? Generators won't work without oxygen. 

   Shall I mention that everything, EVERYTHING-every machine, every process, every shelter/suit/ship needs to work right, the first time, every time. A shelter on Mars needs to be absolutely sealed from the outside, because it's cold. It's airless. It's lower gravity.
Every process needs to work right every time. You can't have a glitch in the computer program that forgets to keep the water pump, the reverse osmosis units,  or the heat, or the electricity. 


   Let us also understand that re-supply is going to take a very long time. That's another thing they've not mentioned...that even though they say it's going to be a one way trip for the colonists, that doesn't mean they're not going to be independent of Earth. Far from it. Parts break. Pieces get lost. Moving parts wear out. Plants die no matter how tenderly you treat them.  There's no home depot to go to when the furnace breaks down. 

   The environment of Mars is tough on the machines on the surface. Howling wind storms cover the planet, kicking up huge clouds of dust that last for MONTHS. You are wasting your time going out and dusting the solar panels off, because the sun isn't making it through the clouds anyway. 

  Don't forget, we're still humans. You won't be going outside in jeans and a T-shirt. Every single time you will need to be in a pressure suit, one that no matter how well engineered, has a finite capacity of oxygen. If it develops a leak, or you fall down and puncture it...bad news for you. 
  We still need a certain gravity. We still need sunshine. We still break bones, get abscessed teeth, have babies, get cancer, go insane. You're going to need one hell of a big hospital. While there aren't diseases to catch on Mars, we still carry them inside us. Do we have any idea what cosmic radiation and the differences of a Mars environment does to the bacteria we all carry?

   The size of the  ship is going to have to be enormous, just to carry the barest of colony gear. Do we land it on the surface? If not, the colonists will need shuttles to an orbiting 'mother ship'. We currently don't even have that here on Earth. We still boost everything we've put in space by using rockets. The technology for a space craft that go up and down like a jet power does not exist yet.  Shuttles need a hell of a lot of power to escape gravity, even the lower gravity of Mars.  They need to be piloted, either computerize or human, and they can break up or break down. 

      The problem is this. Any restoration ecologist, such as myself, will tell you that you don't restore an environment, you don't restore a blasted piece of real estate, by planting redwood trees.
  You have to start with grass. You have to start with small plants that don't need a lot of help in surviving. You don't use something that takes fifteen years to begin reproducing. You need plants that can be planted in May and be producing by August, that don't need pollination by wind (too cold out there) or animals (bees or butterflies). Let's not forget that the plants need to be edible. Scotch broom might just be able to survive Mars...it certainly can survive anything WE do to it...but it's completely inedible.

   Even our own planet, this lovely cradle, was a hostile, poisonous one for billions of years. It took cyanobacteria billions of years to replace the original atmosphere with the one that we breathe now. 

   We aren't cyanobacteria.  Even that colonizer can't survive on Mars-it needs water. More precisely, plants-and humans, need rain. They need water circulating in an atmosphere. 
Mars has neither. 

     Mars, also, has no magnetic field. The magnetic field that surrounds our planet protects it from cosmic radiation. A compass won't work on Mars.

    We  are proposing to put humans up there and making a going concern of it, making it a permanent habitation for humans.
   But that's crazy. We take twenty years to reproduce. Beneficial mutations are few and far between. We need so many things that Mars just cannot provide. We're going into this eyes tightly shut and with our hands tied behind our back. I honestly think the reason the understanding that you're not going to be able to come back to Earth is not just because the changes to the human body will be irreversible. I think it's because the colonists are going to die, in many different gruesome and painful ways. The 'you're not coming back' is probably as much a liability disclaimer as it is a pragmatic, blunt statement. 

   After spending months in weightlessness, the colonists will be weak as kittens. Despite the fact that the gravity will be less on Mars, still, they're going to have to hit the ground running, and that's not going to be easy. 

    I am not even going to go into the capacity we have for killing each other. I've seen what war does to our thin veneer of civilization. It strips it away. People go mad in situations not unlike the colonization. People kill each other after months of putting up with the shithead actions of another. People kill each other when the last mouthful of food isn't enough for two or more.People even eat people when there is absolutely nothing else to eat.
  
   The problem, though, is: even though we are upright, bipedal, incredibly advance creatures, we are still, really, fish out of water. 70% of our body is water. Like our plants, we need water in many different forms.  We, along with every other living thing on earth, evolved with the need for water in some shape. Even desert creatures and plants need water.

   Mars doesn't have it, in any form that we can use. Mars is a cold, low gravity, no atmospheric, cosmic ray bathed rock. 

   Back in early 1990, an experiment called "Biosphere ll" was attempted. A giant glass greenhouse set in the Arizona desert, it was supposed to be a closed ecosystem, depending on plants to exchange CO2 for 02 and grown in soil brought in for the purpose. Several mini biomes: an 'ocean' with a coral reef, a rain forest, a savannah, etc. Birds and insect pollinators were included, as well as animals such as goats, chicken and I believe, pigs. It was staffed by (I think) 8 'colonists' who knew they would not be allowed to leave for the two years of the study.

  It was a disaster. The first year the 'colonists' were perpetually hungry. Condensation turned the rain forest into a swamp and the savannah into a marsh.  Water that was supposed to be circulating amongst the biomes become so heavily clogged with algae it stopped filtration systems. Most of the birds and beneficial insects brought in died, leaving: ants and cockroaches. 

   Most alarmingly, no matter how they managed it, the oxygen levels dropped steadily and relentlessly. Something odd happened: oxygen levels dropped, and so did CO2 (carbon dioxide). This isn't how its supposed to work. It was found much later, that the CO2 was interacting with the cement blocks making up the base of the building and sequestering both oxygen and carbon dioxide in the form of calcium carbonate.  

     When oxygen levels dropped to 14% (as opposed to normal levels of 21% in the air we breathe), one of the colonists took drastic and "illegal' (and yet life saving) action:  They opened the doors to the building to allow fresh air into the biosphere. This alleviated the oxygen depletion problem, but it was still cheating.

   The end came when the colonists were told to leave because the sponsors of the venture got tired or started fighting, I'm not sure which. However, the colonists themselves were fighting, too.

   On Mars, there won't be an atmosphere outside just there for the breathing. Or just about anything else that humans need to live. 


  I understand the drive, the passion. I understand that we are where we are today because of the seemingly unquenchable drive we have to see what's over the horizon, to "boldly go where no man has gone before". 


   I just don't think we can do it, though. I don't think we can do it.